ADDISONIA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS OP PLANTS Volume 3 1918 BOTA' 3CAL PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (ADDISON BROWN FUND) PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTINQ COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. m CONTENTS Part 1 March 30, 1918 platb pagb 81 Aronia atropurpurea 1 82 Aster Novae-Angliae 3 83A Gymnocalycium multiflorum 5 83B Gymnocalycium Mostii 5 84 Euonymus alata 7 85 Diospyros virginiana 9 86 Lepadena marginata 11 87 Maackia amurensis Buergeri 13 88 Hibiscus oculiroseus 15 89 Comus ofl&cinalis 17 90 Opuntia lasiacantha 19 Part 2 June 29, 1918 91 Cotoneaster Simonsii 21 92 Echeveria nodulosa 23 93 Helianthus orgyalis 25 94 Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus 27 95 Sinningia speciosa 29 96 Stylophorum diphyllum 31 97 Aronia arbutifolia 33 98 Hamamelis japonica 35 99 Hibiscus Moscheutos 37 100 Sobralia sessilis 39 Part 3 September 30, 1918 101 Comus Mas 41 102 Solidago squarrosa 43 103 Callicarpa japonica 45 104 Aster laevis 47 105 Opuntia Opuntia .49 106 Ilex serrata argutidens 51 107 Othonna crassifolia 53 108 Magnolia Kobus 55 109 Crassula portulacea 57 110 Viburnum prunifolium 59 «•• lU iv Addisonia Part 4 December 31, 1918 111 Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos 61 112 Spiraea Thunbergii 63 j 113 Coreopsis Leavenworthii 65 114 Echinacea purpurea 67 115 Lantana depressa 69 ; 116 Ilex verticillata 71 j 117 Vioma Baldwinii 73 ] 118 Jussiaea peruviana 75 i 119 Salvia farinacea 77 i 120 Dianthera crassifolia 79 i Index 81 i 1 ADDISONIA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS Volume 3 Number i MARCH, 1918 PUBLISHED BY ti THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN ^ (ADDISON BROWN FUND) 1 MARCH 30, 1918 i ANNOUNCEMENT A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late President, Judge Addison Brown, established the ADDISON BROWN FUND "the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri- torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated." The preparation and publication of the work have been referred to Dr. John H. Barnhart, Bibliographer, and Mr. George V. Nash, Head Gardener. Addisonia is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June, September, and December. Each part consists of ten colored plates with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10 annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not be sold separately. Address : THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK NEW YORK CITY Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 and 2 has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts can be supplied. New subscriptions will be accepted only as includ- ing the first volumes. PLATE 81 ADDISONIA ARONIA ATROPURPUREA Addisonia 1 (Plate 81) ARONIA ATROPURPUREA Purple-fruited Choke-berry Native of eastern North America Family Mai^aceab Appl^ Family Aronia atropurpurea Britton, Manual 517. 1901. Pyrus arbutifolia atropurpurea Robinson, Rhodora 10: 33. 1908. Pyrus atropurpurea L. H. Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154, 1916. An irregularly branching shrub, reaching a maximum height of about twelve feet, usually lower, commonly about seven feet high. The young twigs are slender; the bark of old stems is smooth and dark grey. The winter-buds are narrow, sharp-pointed, and about one quarter of an inch long. The leaves unfold in early spring and fall in late autumn; the blades are oval to obovate, from one inch to three inches long, about one inch wide or less, pinnately veined, finely and rather sharply toothed, moderately thin in texture; the apex is either acute or blunt, the base narrowed, and the petiole is much shorter than the blade, seldom over one quarter of an inch in length; the upper surface of the blade is dull green and smooth or nearly so, the midvein bearing small glands; the lower surface is persistently whitish- wooUy ; the small, narrow stipules fall away very soon after the leaves unfold. The flowers are borne in terminal, more or less compound, woolly cymes, and open, according to latitude, in April, May, or June, soon after the leaves unfold; their pedicels are short and woolly. The small, urn-shaped, woolly calyx has five acute lobes which are glandless or bear a few glands; there are five, obovate, obtuse, concave, spreading white petals one sixth to one quarter of an inch long. The numerous stamens are much shorter than the petalsj with filiform filaments and very small anthers. This shrub inhabits wet woods and thickets in eastern North America, ranging from eastern Canada to Ontario, Michigan, and southward to Virginia, perhaps to Florida. It grows readily when planted in dry ground, even with full exposure to the sim, but does not become as tall under these conditions as when in its more nattural habitat of wet thickets; it is attractive and interesting both in flower and m fruit. The genus Aronia, established by Medicus in 1789 (Phil. Bot. 140), is composed of but three species, all natives of eastern North America and closely related to each other. The typical species is Aronia arbutifolia, the red choke-berry, which, like A. atropurpurea, has woolly under leaf-surfaces, but its fruit is bright red and only about a quarter of an inch in diameter, and its flowers have very 2 Addisonia glandular calyx-lobes; with us, the red choke-berry does not succeed well in cultivation in the open, seldom becoming over four feet high, and not appearing anything like as vigorous as A. atropurpurea when growing alongside of it; the red fruits persist on the shrub well into the winter. The third species, Aronia nielanocarpa, the black choke-berry, dififers from both the others in having glabrous leaves, twigs, and cymes, and its black or nearly black fruit, a quarter to a third of an inch in diameter, falls in the autumn; its stems and branches are nearly straight and upright. The foregoing obsen^ations upon these shrubs have been made from plants in the fruticetum of the New York Botanical Garden. The plants from which our illustrations were obtained were grown from seed collected on Staten Island, New York, in 1896, near the type locality at Tottenville. N. L. Brixton. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Frmting branch. Fig. 2. — Flowering branch. PLATE 82 ADDISONIA Aj L LCtHni^ ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE Addisonia 3 (Plate 82) ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE New England Aster Native of the eastern and middle United States and Canada Family Carduac^ar Thisti,^ Family Aster Novae-Angliae L. Sp. PL 875. 1753. A stout, tall, large representative of the genus, sometimes growing to a height of six or eight feet. The stiff robust stems are rough- hispid, more or less corymbosely branched above and conspicuously leafy throughout. The rough-pubescent leaves are entire-margined» up to five inches long and an inch wide, lanceolate-cordate in shape, and clasp the stem and branches with their cordate or auriculate bases. The flower-heads are clustered at the ends of the branches. The involucre is green, pubescent, and more or less glandular and viscid. The rays, forty to fifty in each flower-head, are a half to nearly three quarters of an inch long, normally pmple or violet- colored, rarely pink, red, or white. This is one of the connnonest of the two hundred and fifty or more recognized species of the genus Aster, of which about one hundred and fifty are native to North America. Its range may be roughly designated as within the region lying south from Quebec and Sas- katchewan, east from Colorado, and north from Alabama and South Carolina. It grows in both dry and wet locations, and is usually a conspicuous floral featine of late summer and early autumn, especially along roadsides, fences, and borders of woods. For interior decor- ative purposes it is disappointing, as, unlike most of the blue and purple asters, it is sensitive to handling and wilts very quickly. Except for the red and white color-forms, the species does not vary from the normal type, and there is no difficulty in recognizing it, and no possibility of confusing it with any other. Arthur Hoi,uck. Explanation of Pirate. Fig. 1.— Flowering stem. Fig. 2.— Involucre, X 2. PLATE 83 ADDISONIA A. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM .^TN B. GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSTII Addisonia S (Plate 83) A. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM Many-flowered Gymnocalycium Native oj Argentina Family Cactacea^ Cactus Family Echinocactus muUiflorus Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 4181. 1846. Gymnocalycium muUiflorum Britton & Rose. Plants solitary" or growing in clumps up to 10 individuals, each one and one half to five inches in diameter, usually globose but sometimes depressed or short-cylindric. The ribs are ten to fifteen, broad and rounded, with low tubercles, each with a small chin below its spine- cluster; the areoles are only a few to each rib, elliptic, sometimes two fifths of an inch long; the spines are five to ten in a cluster, all radial, yellow, sometimes brownish or reddish at base, subulate, spreading, often recurved, the longest sometimes over an inch long. The flower-bud is ovoid, and covered with imbricate scales; the expanded flowers are short-campanulate, pinkish to nearly white; the scales on the calyx-tube are broad, rounded, naked in their axils. The stamens and style are included; the stigma-lobes are white, linear. The plant here illustrated is a small specimen received from the Berlin botanical garden in 1901, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, June 1, 1913. The cluster of spines is from a specimen collected by J. N. Rose in Argentina in 1915. The species has been reported from Brazil and other South American countries, but is doubtless restricted to northern central Argentina, where the writer collected it on the high grassy plains of Cordoba in 1915. J. N. Rose. Explanation op Platr. Fig. 1. — Flowering plant. Fig. 2. — Portion of a rib, showing an areole and a cluster of spines. B. GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSXn Most's Gymnocalycium Native oj Argentina Family Cactaceab Cactus Family 'Echinocactus Moslii Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 11. 1906. Gymnocalycium Mostii Britton & Rose. Plants solitary, one and one half to three inches high, five inches or less in diameter. The ribs are nine to fourteen, broad and obtuse; 6 Addisonia the tubercles are rounded, with a small sharp chin below the spine- duster; the small areoles are circular; the brownish spines are slender and subulate, the seven to nine radial ones spreading, the central one solitar}'. The flowers are central, bell-shaped, about tliree inches long, pale red to pinkish white; the scales on the calyx-tube are few. The plant here illustrated is a small one collected by J. N. Rose at CassafiFousth, Cordoba, Argentina, in 1915, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, June 16, 1917. Its native habitat is on dry hills under low bushes. The genus Gymnocalycium, to which the two species here illus- trated belong, appeared first in the catalogue of A. Schelhase's garden at Kassel in 1843, but was not formally published until 1845 when Pfeifi'er referred to it three species; the following year he illustrated one of these. Although Dr. Ludwig Pfeiffer was the most distin- guished cactologist of his time, this genus has heretofore not been accepted, nor have the species of which it is composed ever been brought together even as a sub-genus. Schumann has treated the species known to him in his subtribe Notocactus, but in this tribe he has included other species which are not closely related to Gymnocaly- cium. The genus has no close relatives in South America, being very unlike Malacocarpus and Discocarpus of that region. In its flowers it resembles some of the Mexican species referred to Echinocactus, but is very unhke the true species of that genus. The species of Gymnocalycium are among the most satisfactory cacti for greenhouse cultivation, for they grow well under glass and fre- quently flower. They are day bloomers and the flowers last for several days. The genus contains about twenty-three species, and is confined to southern South America east of the Andes. BoUvia, Paraguay, and Uruguay, have each two or three species, the re- mainder being found in the plains and mountain valleys of Argentina. Most of them are small, usually simple plants, but sometimes they are cespitose, with few broad somewhat tubercled ribs. The flowers are central or rarely lateral, with a more or less definite tube, bearing a few scattered broad scales, and these always naked in their axils; the seeds are dome-shaped and tuberculate. J. N. Rose. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering plant. Fig. 2. — Portion of a rib, showing an areole and a cluster of spines. PLATE 84 ADDISONIA • *j4i^ Lied Oi EUONYMUS ALATA Addisonia 7 (Plate 84) EUONYMUS ALATA Winged Euonymus Native of eastern temperate Asia Family Celastracea^ Staff-trbE Family ICelastrus striatus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 98. 1784. Celastrus alatus Thunb. FI. Jap. 98. 1784. Euonymus Thunbergiana Blume, Bijd. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1147. 1826. Euonymus alata Thunb.; Regel, Mem. Acad. St.-Petersb. VII. 4*: 42. 1861. A handsome shrub, dense in habit and freely branching, with attractive fohage, tm-ning rich crimson in autumn, and with numerous flowers in the summer, followed in the fall by a profusion of bright red fruits which persist for a long time. The branches are ascending, with four prominent corky dark-colored wings, which are especially conspicuous during the winter when the foliage is gone. At flower- ing time the glabrous growths of the year rarely have these wings, but they are usually developed with the maturing of the fruit. The leaves are opposite, on stalks an eighth of an inch long or less, elliptic to obovate, abruptly acuminate, glabrous, a Httle paler beneath; they measure an inch to two inches long and up to an inch wide, and their margins are rather closely and finely serrate. The flowers, the general appearance of which is a yellowish-green, are from one third to one half an inch in diameter, and are borne, usually in threes, in axillary cymes; the parts are in fotus. The sepals are very short, much broader than long. The petals are orbicular or nearly so, an eighth of an inch long or a little more, obtuse or sometimes rather apiculate; their margins are entire or somewhat crenulate. The stamens are very short, inserted on a disk. The style is very short. The purplish capsule is often of a single carpel, or sometimes of two to fom- carpels, in which case one or more are commonly abortive; the dehiscing carpel discloses a bright orange-red aril which encloses a brown seed, or rarely two seeds. This, one of the best of all omr decorative shrubs, grows native in Japan, Manchuria, the Amur region, and in north and central China. It is one of the shrubs easy to grow, accommodating itself readily to its surroundings, and is a thing of beauty in summer and winter. Its crisp fresh foliage gives it a dainty appearance in the month of May, when its flowers usually appear. As the season advances the leaves become of a grayer hue, and in the autumn turn to a rich crimson, which, with the bright orange-red of the exposed arils, makes it one of the most conspicuous shrubs of that season. As the leaves fall the bright red fruit appears even more conspicuous, and the 8 Addisonia corky wings, of a brown color, become more evident, adding a curious as well as attractive touch not seen in other shrubs. It may be rea dily propagated from seeds. The illustration was prepared from a bush which has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1905. The genus Euony^nus contains about one hundred and twenty known species, distributed in the northern hemisphere, mainly in the central and eastern portions of Asia, with a few in southern Asia and Aui.tralia; in the United States there are but five or six species. George V. Nash. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Fruiting branch. Fig. 2. — Seed, X 2. Fig. 3. — Part of a flowering branch. Fig. 4. — Flower, X 4. PLATE 85 ADDISONIA DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA Addisonia ^ (Plate 85) DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA Persimmon Native of the eastern United States Family EbEnaceaE Kbony Family Diospyros virginiana L. Sp. PI. 1057, 1753. Diospyros concolor Moench, Meth. 470. 1791. Diospyros pubescens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 265. 1814. A small or large tree, or sometimes a shrub, with spreading gray branches, the twigs reddish-brown and glabrous or sometimes ob- scurely pubescent. The bark of the trunk is deep brown or nearly black and ultimately broken into small blocks. The sap-wood is close-grained, hard, heavy; the heart- wood develops only when the tree is of great age and is dark brown or nearly black. The leaves are alternate, deciduous, short-petioled, with ehiptic or oval, varying to ovate, thin, leathery blades, two to six inches long, acute or short-acuminate, entire, shining and deep-green above, paler and dull beneath, glabrous or sometimes finely pubescent, especially beneath, acute, obtuse, or cordate at the base. The flowers are usually staminate or pistillate, solitary or few together in cymes, short-stalked. The calyx is four-lobed, that of the staminate flower with lanceolate to deltoid lobes; that of the pistillate flower is much larger, persistent, accrescent, with orbicular-deltoid lobes. The corolla is white or pinkish, or sometimes greenish yehow, urceolate, about twice as long as the calyx, that of the pistillate flower larger than that of the staminate, with four reniform recurved lobes. The sta- mens, usually sixteen, are included, and commonly borne in two rows on the lower part of the corolla-tube; their filaments are very short and each one supports an erect narrow elongate anther, the anthers of the inner row usually bearded at the base, those of the outer row shghtly larger than those of the inner; the stamens in the pistillate flower are represented by staminodia with short stalks and lanceolate- sagittate bodies. The ovary is sessile, depressed-globose, glabrous and surmounted by four slender styles, each of which is terminated by an inconspicuous stigma. The berries are usually sohtary, globose, varying to depressed or elongate, thin-skinned, pale yehow to orange or often reddish brown southward, seated on the accrescent calyx, the diameter of which is usually less than the diameter of the berry; the flesh, hard and exceedingly astringent when green, is soft and yehowish and very sweet when mature. The seeds are flat, elliptic or slightly narrowed upward, arranged in a whorl around the axis of the berry, brown, usually shining, but slightly roughened. The geographic range of the persimmon in North America extends naturally from Connecticut to Iowa and southward to the Gulf of 10 Addisonia Mexico. The plant thrives equally well from near sea level to several thousand feet altitude, and grows both on dry hillsides and in swamps. However, it prefers moderately moist soil, growing both in woods and in the open, where, especially in old fields, it often forms thickets as a result of its stolonifcrous habit. The persimmon grows naturally in the vicinity of the New York Botanical Garden. The accompany- ing illustration was made from trees planted in the Garden. The common persimmon, also known popularly as date-plum, possum-wood, and 'simmon, has some relatives in the West Indies, but the genus is most abundantly developed in Asia, where the heart- wood of several species furnishes the well-known ebony of commerce. The history of the persimmon begins in the earlier part of the cen- tury following the discovery of the New World, and the tree was introduced into European gardens in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, if not previous to it. It was apparently first mentioned in print about the middle of the sixteenth century in an account of De Soto's expedition in Florida, and after that there appeared numerous descriptions of the persimmon in European literature. On account of its beauty and adaptability to various soils, and also because of its resistance to disease and immunity from disfiguring insects, the persimmon is a tree desirable for ornament. The deep- green glossy leaves make it conspicuous in the summer, while the orange-colored fruits, especially at the north,add much color in the fall. The early Spanish expeditioners in Florida became acquainted with the persimmon through the Indians, who used both the fresh and dried fruits as food. Since then it has remained a source of food for both the white man and the negro, and its deserved popularity has carried it into proverbs and poetry. The bark and the wood are useful as well as the fruits. The latter are well known on account of the tannin they contain when green. At maturity this disappears, and so much sugar develops that the fruits decay very slowly, if at all. They sometimes hang on the trees all through the winter; thus partly dried, when foods are scarce, they constitute a temptation and a decoy for various wild animals when man is in search of animal food or "sport." Man and also domestic animals are fond of the fruits; but the natm-al supply is not conserved as it should be, nor is the tree cultivated to the extent its ornamental and economic possibilities demand. John K. Small,. Explanation op Plate. Fig. 1. — Fruiting branch. Fig. 2. — Seed. Fig. 3. — Staminate flowers. Fig. 4. — Portion of staminate flower, showing stamens, X 3. Fig. 5. — Pistillate flower. Fig. 6. — Portion of pistillate flower, showing pistil and rudimentary stamen, X 3. PLATE 86 ADDISONIA A^ CLoTtrn-- LEPADENA MARGINATAM Addisonia 11 (Plate 86) LEPADENA MARGINATA Snow-on-the-mountain Native oj the central and western United States Family Euphorbia ceae Spurge Family Euphorbia niarginata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 607. 1814. Euphorbia leucoloma Raf. All. Jour. 177. 1833. Lepadena leucoloma Raf. Fl. Tell. 4: 1 14. 1838. Dichrophyllum marginatum Klotzsch & Garcke, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin 1859: 249. 1859. Lepadena marginata Nieuwl. Am. Midland Nat. 2: 300. 1912. An annual herb, one to three feet high, with a milky, acrid juice. The stems are erect, green, hairy, and laranched above to form a three-rayed, dichotomous umbel. The leaves are various, sessile, glabrous, ovate or oblong, and entire, except for an occasional lobing of the lower ones. The lower stem-leaves are alternate and scattered, green or somewhat variegated, one to four inches long and about an inch wide, and are usually subtended by narrow, deciduous stipules. A whorl of three or more leaves subtends the inflorescence, and many showy bract-like leaves, bluish-green with wide margins of white, subtend the flower-clusters. On slender hairy peduncles are the campanulate involucres, which are hairy without and within; these have five fimbriate, inconspicuous lobes, attached alternately with which are the glands, usually five in number; these are green, con- cave, peltate, an eighth of an inch in diameter, and have white, petal-like reniform appendages about twice their size. The true flowers, enclosed by the involucre, are a single exserted pistillate one with a three-lobed, three-celled ovary on a long stalk, and three styles, each with two recurved stigmas; this surrounded by numerous staminate flowers with short filaments and yellowish anthers. The calyces are very much reduced. The three-lobed capsules are pilose, one fourth of an inch in diameter; the three carpels separate elastically from a persistent axis, each carpel containing a roundish, pitted, gray seed. This spurge was first described by Pursh in 1814, from a specimen in the herbarium of Captain M. Lewis, which had been collected near the Yellowstone River on July 28, 1806, during the return trip of the Lewis and Clarke Expedition. Euphorbia marginata was one of the hundred or more plants described by Pursh from Captain Lewis' collection. Rafinesque, in his Flora Telluriana (1838) gave the name Lepadena to his older Euphorbia leucoloma, and in 1859 our species was designated Dichrophyllum marginatum by Klotzsch and Garcke, 12 Addisonia both new generic names resulting from the spHtting up of the large genus Euphorbia. Soon after its discovery tliis plant was introduced to cultivation in England. Our illustration was made from a specimen from the flower borders of the New York Botanical Garden. The snow-on-the- mountain is a common garden annual, grown for its showy white- margined upper leaves. The flowers are inconspicuous, but interesting in structure. A related annual flower of our gardens is Poinseitia heicrophylla, with red color on the upper leaves. This is sometimes called in contrast " fire-on-the-mountain." It is a hardy annual, the self-sown seeds germinating the following spring. It may also be propagated readily by seeds, sown in the spring under glass or in the open ground. Kenneth R. Boynton. Explanation OF Plate. Fig. I. — Flowering stem. Fig. 2. — Involucre, X 4. Fig. 3.— Fruit, X 3. Fig. 4.— Seed, X 3. PLATE 87 ADDISONIA MAACKIA AMURENSIS BUERGERI Addisonia 13 (Plate 87) MAACKIA AMURENSIS BUERGERI Japanese Yellow-wood Native oj Japan Family Fab ace; AS Pea Family Buergeria floribunda Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. 3: 53. 1867. Cladrastis amurensis Buergeri Maxim. Bull. Acad. St.-Petersb. 18: 400. 1873. Maackia amurensis Buergeri Schneid. 111. Handb. Laubh. 2- 16. 1907. This, a small tree, attains a height of twenty feet or more, with its branches ascending and the white flowers in dense clusters. The growths of the year are densely pubescent, later becoming glabrous. The compound leaves are usually six inches to a foot long, alternate, unequally pinnate, the rachis pubescent. The opposite leaflets, commonly nine to thirteen and on villous stalks less than an eighth of an inch long, have elliptic, oval, or ovate blades which are rounded at the base and obtuse or acute at the apex, and are placed usually at a right angle to the rachis; they have the upper surface glabrous and dark green, the lower paler and densely appressed-pubescent. The inflorescence is composed of three to five spreading or ascending racemes arranged in a terminal panicle up to eight inches long; the axes of the racemes and of the panicle are pubescent with short brown hairs. The flowers, on spreading pedicels a quarter inch long or less and covered with short brown hairs, are three eighths to a half inch long. The broadly bell-shaped calyx is about an eighth of an inch long, has a manifest dorsal swelling, and is appressed-pubescent with short golden-brown hairs; its teeth are very short. The petals are three eighths of an inch long or a little more ; the standard has a long claw, the orbicular-obovate blade strongly recurved and emarginate at the apex; the keel and wings have manifest stalks, the blades lobed at the base, the keel folded, hood-shaped at the apex. The stamens are ten, somewhat united at the base, curved at the apex. The ovary is pubescent and bears a short glabrous style. The brown flat pods are one and a half to three inches long and from a quarter to three eighths of an inch wide, with commonly three to five seeds, rarely fewer. When in flower an attractive and decorative tree, the blossoms occurring in great profusion. It is entirely hardy in the latitude of New York and would be an addition to any collection of trees and shrubs. In the arboretum of the New York Botanical Garden there are two forms of this Japanese yellow-wood; one of these comes into bloom in July or early August, the other bears its flowers about a month later, at a time when the fruit of the former is well on its way 14 Addisonia to maturity. It is from this late-flowering form that the illustration has been prepared. Propagation is effected by means of seeds, sown in the spring, or by root-grafting. The genus Maackia, the representative in eastern Asia of Cladrasiis in the eastern part of the United States, contains two or three species. Maackia amurcnsis is a native of Manchuria, and differs from this in having the leaves glabrous. The variety Buergeri, possibly specifi- cally distinct, is confined to Japan. Another Japanese species is the shrubby Maackia Tashiroi. George V. Nash. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering branch. Fig. 2 — Flower, X 2. Fig. 3. — Flower, calyx removed, X 2. Fig. 4. — ^Flower, the calyx, wings, and keel removed, X 2. Fig. 5.— Keel, X 2. Fig. 6— Wing, X 2. Fig. 7.— Pod. 1 PLATE 88 ADDISONIA ^ HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS Addisonia 15 (Plate 88) fflBISCUS OCULIROSEUS Crimson-eye Rose Mallow Native of the eastern United States, especially New Jersey Family Mai,vaceas Mallow Family Hibiscus oculiroseus Britton, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 220. 1903. A perennial herb usually five or six feet tall, with numerous cane- like stems. The leaves are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, palmately veined, dentate or slightly crenate, densely but finely white stellate-pubes- cent beneath, and green and slightly pubescent above. The blades of the largest leaves attain as much as seven inches in length and are somewhat three-lobed. The flowers are conspicuous, often with a spread of six inches, and clustered on branches arising from several of the upper nodes of the several main stems. The petioles and peduncles are often adnate to each other. The corolla-lobes are pale sea-foam yellow, almost white, with an eye of a Tyrian rose fcolor which is a rather intense shade of red. The caly^-lobes are triangu- lar-lanceolate; the bractlets are linear, shorter than the calyx and somewhat spreading. The stamens are of unequal length, those near the base of the column being shorter than those above. The pollen is white with a faint suggestion of sea-foam yeUow. The style- branches are spreading, but not strongly recurving, and only slightly expanding into stigmatic surfaces. The mature capsule is ovoid- conic, long-pointed, and five-valved. The seeds are reniform and glabrous. Two living plants of this species were obtained at Absecon, New Jersey, by William F. Bassett, a murseryman of Hammonton, New Jersey, about the year 1880. In Mr. Bassett's words, ' 'a great many thousands" of plants descended from these two plants were raised from seed and sold to the trade under the popular name of "crimson- eyed mallow," with the designation of Hibiscus Moscheutos var. albus. A single plant from this source was obtained by the New York Botanical Garden in the year 1896. In 1903, Dr. N. L. Britton recognized several striking diagnostic characters and gave it the spe- cific rank noted above. Pedigreed cultures have been grown at the New York Botanical Garden for several generations of descent from the type plant. Some lines of descent have bred remarkably true; others have shown a tendency to vary, giving decreased intensity of color in the eye area and developing diffuse pale pink colors in the blades. 16 Addisonia This species crosses readily with different forms and varieties of Hibiscus Moscheutos. The second generation of such hybrids breaks up into almost every conceivable grade of variation in regard to eye. and blade colorations and to characters of stigmas, stamens, and pods. Duplicates of many if not all grades of these hybrids may be found growing wild, which contribute much to confusion in the identification of the species. The \\Titer has found plants, agreeing with the type of the species, growing as far north as Rockaway Beach, Long Island. Plants that appear to conform closely to type were found to be abundant along the Tuckahoe River and Cedar Creek near their junction: here pure stands of the plants in number were found growing over an area of considerable size. The geographic distribution of this species is not fully determined at the present time, but it is clearly much more limited in range than is the principal form of Hibiscus Moscheutos. Besides being cultivated rather extensively for their horticultural value, plants of this species have been utilized in hybridization with others by various horticultural firms in the production of novelties. A. B. Stout. Explanation op Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering stem. Fig. 2. — Fruit. Fig. 3.— Seed, X 3. PLATE 89 ADDISONIA CORNUS OFFICINALIS Addisonia 17 (Plate 89) CORNUS OFFICINALIS Japanese Early Dogwood Native of Japan Family Cornaceab Dogwood Family Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc, FI. Jap. 1: 100. 1838., A shrub or small tree up to fifteen feet tall, of rather dense habit, with ascending branches, and yellow flowers, preceding the leaves, in clusters terminating the branchlets. The opposite leaves, with petioles a half inch long or less, have the blades elliptic to ovate, rounded or acute at the base, acuminate at the apex, rather dark green and glabrous above, paler and appressed-pubescent beneath; they measure two to three inches long and three quarters to one and a half inches wide, and have five or six curved nerves on each side, the axils of which, on the lower surface, are furnished with dense masses of golden-brown hairs. The yellow flowers are in clusters of usually twenty or more; they are subtended by yellowish bracts marked with brown, appressed-pubescent, and shorter than the hairy pedicels. The flower-parts are in fours ; the calyx is appressed- pubescent, the four lobes very short; the petals are reflexed, ovate- lanceolate, acute, about three sixteenths of an inch long. The four stamens are shorter than the petals. The style is slender and about as long as the stamens. The fruit is scarlet, oblong, about a half inch long and with a diameter a little more than half the length. This, a native of the mountainous regions of Japan, is closely related to another species, of southeastern Europe and the Orient, Cornus Mas, known as the Cornelian cherry. The Japanese species may be readily distinguished by the dense tufts of brown hairs in the axils of the lower stuface of the leaves. Cornus officinalis, as it occurs in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden, compared with Cornus Mas, is a denser more symmetric shrub or small tree and pro- duces flowers much more freely, features which make it more valuable as a decorative plant. The flowers appear usually early in April, before the leaves, the fruit ripening in the early fall. The specimen, now in the fruticetum, from which the illustration was prepared has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1900. This species may be propagated from seeds, which usually germinate the second year after sowing, or by grafting. In the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere the genus Cornus is found rather widely distributed; there is one species known from Peru. Restricted to those forms which have no involucre, or 18 only a small one, there are about thirty-five known species. Related genera are Benihamia and Cynoxylon, both with large showy invo- i lucres, the former an Asiatic genus of a single species, illustrated at | plate 43 of this work, the latter of two species, both natives of the i United States. These genera are by some considered a part of Corntis. ^ ,r TVT ' George V. Nash. 1 Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1.— Flowering branch. Fig. 2.— Flower, X 4. ' Pig 3. —Fruiting branch. Fig. 4.— Leaf, showing masses of brown hairs in the j axils of the lower surface. \ PLATE 90 ADDISONIA /vfE-.E-Olirn^ OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA Addisonia 19 (Plate 90) OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA Slender White-spined Prickly Pear Native oj central and southern Mexico Family Cactaceab Cactus Family Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 160. 1837. Opuntia megacantha lasiacantha Berger, Bot. Jahrb. 36: 453. 1905. }Opuntia chaetocarpa Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 25. 1914, A large and much-branched cactus, six feet high or higher, the lower, trunk-like part sometimes becoming eight inches thick. The joints are flat, dull-green, about a foot long or less, often eight inches wide, and scarcely half an inch thick; the areoles are small and cir- cular, mostly an inch or more apart; the leaves are minute, reddish, awl-shaped, and fall away early. There are from one to fom- needle- like spines at most of the younger areoles, which diverge from the joints at rather wide angles; the spines are white, with somewhat brown or blackish tips, and they are about two inches long or less, one of them usually much longer than the others ; old areoles develop more numerous spines, sometimes as many as fifteen, and they fade grey; the glochids are yellowish to brown and form a tuft at the upper part of each areole, just above the spines, when young about one eighth of an inch long, but twice that length when old. The flowers appear singly at areoles on the edges of the joints near the top; the ovary is obovoid, nearly one inch long, and rather more than half an inch thick; the sepals are about half an inch long, ovate and pointed; the spreading petals are about fifteen in number and from one inch to one and a half inches in length, obovate, variously pointed, rounded or notched at the apex, and narrowed or wedge-shaped at the base; in color they are described as yellow or orange on different plants, in this color-difference agreeing with several other species of Opuntia; the numerous yellow stamens are less than half as long as the petals; the style is pink and the stigma-lobes green. The fruit is a globose-obovoid, red berry, nearly two inches long, with a deeply sunken top, its areoles bearing a tuft of short glochids and an occa- sional bristle. This cactus appears to have a wide range in the dry parts of central and southern Mexico; it is a member of the group of white-spined prickly pears (tunas) yielding edible fruits which are important as food in Mexico and are exported; the fruit of 0. lasiacantha is, how- ever, not of the best quality. Many races of this group of prickly pears are cultivated for their fruits and have thus been crudely se- lected; their botanical classification is very difficult and it is perhaps impossible to define accurately the really wild species. 20 Addisonia As understood by me, Opuntia lasiacantha has its closest relative in Opuntia megacantha, also native of Mexico, which differs from it in having larger joints, longer and stouter spines, and larger fruit; perhaps these differences are neither constant enough nor sufficient to constitute specific distinctness. The plant from which our illustration was painted was collected by J. N. Rose in 1906, near the City of Mexico; it has flowered fre- quently at the New York Botanical Garden, and cuttings from it have yielded several large specimens. N. L. Brixton. 1 m CONTENTS OF VOLUME I PART 1 PLATE 1. RHODODENDRON CAROLINIANUM PLATE 11. PLATE 2. CASSIA POLYPHYLLA PLATE 12. PLATE 3. ROBINIA KELSEYI PLATE 13. PLATE 4. PACHYPHYTUM LONQIFOLIUM PLATE 14. PLATE 5. BEGONIA COWELLII PLATE 15. PLATE 6. ECHEVERIA SETOSA PLATE 16. PLATE 7. COLUMN EA GLORIOSA PLATE 17. PLATE 8. FOUQUIERIA FORMOSA PLATE 18. PLATE 9. MAXILLARIA RINQENS PLATE 19. PLATE 10. NOPALEA AWBERI PART 3 PLATE 20. PLATE 21. ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA PLATE 31A. PLATE 22. SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA PLATE 31B. PLATE 23. COLUMNEA HIRTA PLATE 32. PLATE 24. PEDILANTHUS SMALLII PLATE 33. PLATE 25. CREMNOPHILA NUTANS PLATE 34. PLATE 26. PITHECOLOBIUM GUADALUPENSE PLATE 35. PLATE 27. ANTHURIUM GRANDIFOLtUM PLATE 36. PLATE 28. EPIDENDRUM PALEACEUM PUTE 37. PLATE 29. BEGONIA WILLIAMSII PLATE 38. PLATE 30. ONCIDIUM UROPHYLLUM PLATE PLATE 39. 40. PART 2 CRINUM AMERICANUM CLETHRA ALNIFOLA ECHEVERIA CARNICOLOR MINA LOBATA CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM NOTYLIA SAGITTIFERA EXOGONIUM MICRODACTYLUM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS OPUNTIA MACRORHIZA COMMELINA COMMUNIS PART 4 SEDUM DIVERSIFOLIUM SEDUM HUMIFUSUM CATASETUM SCURRA CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE QIGANTEA AGAVE SUBSIMPLEX DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO RHUS HIRTA DISSECTA CYMOPHYLLUS FRASERl OPUNTIA VULGARIS TILLANDSIA SUBLAXA ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS CONTENTS OF VOLUME M PART 1 PLATE 41. NOLINA TEXANA PLATE 51. PUTE 42. TRICHOSTERIQMA BENEDICTUM PLATE 52. PLATE 43. BENTHAMIA JAPONrCA PLATE 53. PLATE 44. DIRCAEA MAGNIFICA PLATE 54. PLATE 45. BUDDLEIA DAVIDI PLATE 55. PUTE 46. GONGORA TRUNCATA ALBA PUTE 56. PUTE 47. WERCKLEOCEREUS GUBER PUTE 57. PUTE 48. DUDLEYA BRANDEGEI PUTE 58. PUTE 49. ABELIA GRAN Dl FLORA PUTE 59. PUTE 60. PEPEROMIA OBTUSIFOLIA PUTE 60. PART 2 SOLI DAGO JUNCEA ECHEVERIA MULTICAULIS CATASETUM VIRIDIFUVUM SA6ITTARIA UTIFOLIA BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA XANTHISMA TEXANUM SEDUM BOURGAEI CIMICIFUGA SIMPLEX FEIJOA SELLOWIANA ASTER AMETHYSTINUS PART 3 PUTE 61. HARRISIA GRACILIS PUTE 71 PUTE 62. EPIDENDRUM OBLONQATUM PUTE 72 PUTE 63. AESCULUS PARVI FLORA PUTE 73 PUTE 64. MICRAMPELIS LOBATA PUTE 74 PUTE 65. BOMAREA EDULIS PLATE 75 PUTE 66. ASTER TATARICUS pUTE 76 PUTE 67. PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM PUTE 77 PUTE 68. HARRISIA MARTINI PUTE 78 PUTE 69. ONCIDIUM PUBES PUTE 79 PUTE 70. RAPHIOLEPtS UMBELLATA PUTE 80 PART 4 ROSA "SILVER MOON" DENDROBIUM ATROVIOUCEUM CENTRADENIA FLORISUNOA PIAROPUS AZUREUS SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS FREYLINIA LANCEOUTA ANNESLIA TWEEDIEI CRASSUU OUADRIFIDA ASTER CORblFOLIUS CONTENTS Plate 81. Plate 82. Plate 83A, PLATE 83 B Plate 84. Plate 85. Plate 86. Plate 87. Plate 88. PLATE 89. Plate 90. ARONIA ATROPURPUREA ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSTII EUONYMUS ALATA DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA LEPADENA MARGINATA MAAGKIA AMURENSIS BUERGERI HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS CORNUS OFFICINALIS OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA v»;.. ADDISONIA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS Volume 3 Number 2 JUNE, 1918 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (ADDISON BROWN FUND) JUNE 29, 1918 ANNOUNCEMENT A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late President, Judge Addison Brown, established the ADDISON BROWN FUND "the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri- torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated." The preparation and publication of the work have been referred to Dr. John H. Barnhart, Bibliographer, and Mr. George V. Nash, Head Gardener. Addisonia is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June, September, and December. Each part consists of ten colored plates with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10 annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not be sold separately. Address: THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK NEW YORK CITY Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 and 2 has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts can be supplied. Nevu subscriptions mil be accepted only as includ- ing the first volumes. PLATE 91 ADDISONIA M.f .tbJj-^7'^ COTONEASTER SIMONSII Addisonia 2 1 (Plate 91) COTONEASTER SIMONSII Simons' Cotoneaster Native of the temperate Himalayan Region Family Pomackae Apple Family Cotoneaster Simonsii Baker, in Saund. Ref. Bot. pi. 55. 1869. A shrub of rather open habit, with spreading branches, roundish leaves, white flowers marked with bright rose, and bright red fruit. The older branches are of a dark purple or purplish gray, and rather sparingly pubescent; the pubescent new growths are usually of a yellowish brown. The leaves, in clusters of two to four on short lateral branches, are broadly oval to nearly orbicular, rounded or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, abruptly sharp-pointed at the apex, and are a half inch to an inch long, and a half inch or a little more wide; they are of firm texture, appressed-hairy, the hairs fewer at fruiting time. The small cymes, terminating the lateral branches, have two to four flowers, rarely a single flower, about a quarter of an inch long; the globose hypanthium and spreading calyx are appressed-pubescent, forming together a bell- shaped body ; the five sepals are ovate, acutish ; the five petals are erect, white with rose markings, ovate, obtuse or acutish. The fruit is bright red, broadly obovoid, and three eighths to a half inch long. A fine shrub, native of the temperate regions of Khasia and Sikkim in the Himalayas. It is one of the best of the red-fruited shrubs, a worthy addition to any collection. It is open in habit, with wand-like branches, bearing in June little clusters of white and rose flowers; these later mature into the brightest of fruits, which persist for some time. It was introduced into cultivation before 1869, when it was first described from specimens secured at a nursery in Weymouth, England. The illustration was made from a specimen which has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1897. This shrub may be propagated by seeds sown or stratified in the fall, or by grafting. This is one of about forty species which comprise the genus Cotoneaster, distributed mainly in the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, with a few in northern Africa; curiously enough none are known from Japan. The fruit is red or black, the former of course being much preferred on account of its greater attractiveness. 22 Addisonia The members of this genus will grow in any ordinary soil, but they are not fond of very moist or shady locations. George V. Nash. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Fruiting branch. Fig. 2. — Flowering branch. Fig. 3. — Flower, X 4 PLATE 92 ADDISONIA ^^k ECHEVERIA NODULOSA Addisonia 23 (Plate 92; ECHEVERIA NODULOSA Red-margined Echeveria Native of southern Mexico Family Crassui^ac^a^ Orpine Family Cotyledon nodulosa Baker, in Saund. Ref. Bot. pi. 56. 1869, Echeveria nodulosa Otto, Hamb. Gartenz. 29: 8. 1873. A perennial with stems one to two feet long in the wild state, often in cultivation flowering when only a few inches high, naked below, crowned by an open or sometimes a dense rosette of leaves. The flowering stems, one or more, are erect and leafy below. The leaves are obovate to spatulate, two to three inches long, gradually becoming smaller on the flowering stems, red on the margin. The inflorescence is an equilateral raceme of four to eight flowers, the pedicels short, the longest ones not quite half an inch long. The five sepals are spreading. The corolla is half an inch long, and strongly five-angled. This plant was originally described by J. G. Baker from speci- mens supposed to have come from Mexico, and grown by W. Wilson Saunders of Hillfield, Reigate, England; it was also illustrated by Saunders. Until 1899 the original description and illustration represented our entire knowledge of this plant. In that year J. N. Rose re- discovered the plant on Mount Alban, near Oaxaca City, Mexico, and brought back to Washington living specimens which have been distributed widely. It has frequently flowered, both in Washington and in the New York Botanical Garden. In 1906 C. Conzatti of Oaxaca, Mexico, also collected living specimens and it was from these, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, July 24, 1911, that our accompanying illustration was made. The sixty or more species of Echeveria are divided into two groups. The group to which E. nodulosa belongs contains about one third of the species and has axillary flowers arranged in equi- lateral racemes or slender interrupted spikes. The other group has flowers arranged in simple secund terminal racemes or sometimes compounded and in panicles. J. N. Rose. PLATE 93 ADDISONIA HELIANTHUS ORGYALIS Addisonia 25 (Plate 93) HELIANTHUS ORGYALIS Linear-leaved Sunflower Native of south-central and western United States Family Carduac^a^ Thistle; Family Helianthus orgyalis DC. Prodr. 5: 586. 1836. A tall perennial herb, from widely spreading rootstocks. The leafy stems are glabrous, somewhat glaucous, striate, slender but strong, six to ten feet high and much branched above. The leaves are alternate, sessile, linear, acuminate, with a few scattered shallow teeth; they are less than one half inch wide and up to eight inches long, recurved and drooping, and rough with pointed papillae, especially on the lower surfaces. The branching inflorescence bears many heads of flowers, which are about two inches across, the neutral ray-flowers being very conspicuous, ten or more in number, with ligules an inch long, a half inch wide, and rich yellow in color. The disks are small, dark brown or purple, made up of several perfect, fertile flowers with yellow tubes swollen near the base, and four or five brownish spreading lobes surrounding the erect brown anthers and a prominent, two-parted yellow style. The heads are surrounded by involucres of bracts in many series; these are spreading, lanceolate to subulate, squarrose and with ciliate margins. The receptacles are convex, with laciniate-toothed chaff. The achenes are four-sided, truncate, with a pappus of a few scales. This sunflower was first described by DeCandolle from a culti- vated specimen in the botanic garden at Geneva, said to have been grown from seed sent from Arkansas Territory by M. de Pourtales. It grows naturally on the dry plains from Nebraska to Texas and westward. With the graceful habit of a Coreopsis, it has none of the coarseness of many of the sunflowers. Its tall slender stems, arching leaves, and many bright yellow flowers make it one of our best perennials for the background of deep borders. Plants growing in our borders since 1911 furnished the specimen for our illustration. The blooming period here is September and October. Their propagation is best effected by division of the roots and their cultivation is simple. Kenneth R. Boynton. PLATE 94 ADDISONIA SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS LAEVIGATUS Addisonia 27 (Plate 94) SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS LAEVIGATUS Snowberry Native of northern North America Family Caprifoliackae; Honeysuckle) Family Symphoricarpos racemosus laevigatus 'Pernald, Rhodora. 7 : 167. 1905. Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus Blake, Rhodora 16: 119. 1914. A shrub up to four feet tall, with erect or ascending purplish gray or gray branches, somewhat drooping glabrous branchlets, and white and rose flowers which are followed by snow-white fruit. The opposite leaves, glabrous except for the ciliate margins, have petioles less than a quarter of an inch long; the blades are oval or nearly orbicular, obtuse at each end, up to one and a half inches long and an inch wide, and are paler beneath. The flowers, about three eighths of an inch long, are in few-flowered axillary clusters toward the end of the branches, forming a somewhat interrupted spike; the calyx is superior and has short lobes; the corolla is bell- shaped, about a quarter of an inch long, is somewhat swollen at the base, pubescent within, and in color white and rose, the obtuse or acutish lobes about half the length of the corolla. There are five stamens, which are shorter than the corolla, as is also the style. The fruit is of a snowy whiteness, often a half inch or more in diameter. This native shrub is found from Quebec to Washington, and south in the mountains to Virginia. It is of the easiest culture, accom- modating itself to almost any environment, thriving in sun or shade ; in fact, so prone is it to spread by means of suckers that its tendency in this direction must be checked if other shrubs in its neighbor- hood are to survive. This habit of making suckers would indicate its ease of propagation, and such is the case. It may also be propagated by means of seeds, and by hard and green-wood cut- tings. The specimen from which the illustration was prepared has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden for many years. This is one of the best of our shrubs on account of its handsome white fruit, which occurs in great abundance and persists well through the winter. Symphoricarpos is a genus of about sixteen species, all but one natives of North America, where they extend as far south as Mexico, the exception being found in western China. George V. Nash. Explanation op Pirate. Fig. 1. — Fruiting branch. Fig. 2. — Flowering branch. Fig. 3. — Flower, X 4. PLATE 95 ADDISONIA SINNINGIA SPECIOSA Addisonia 29 (Plate 95) SINNINGIA SPECIOSA Maximilian's Ligeria Native of Brazil Family Gesn^riacea^ Gesneria Family Sinnin^ia speciosa Hiern, Vidensk. Meddel. 1877-8: 91. 1877. Gloxinia speciosa Lodd. Bot. Cab. pi. 28. 1817. Ligeria maximiliana Hanstein, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 8*: 387. 1864. Stemless or nearly so. The basal leaves are often numerous, forming broad rosettes, short-petioled, the blades ovate to oblong, two to six inches long, softly pubescent on both sides, acute, obtusely crenate, bright green above, very pale beneath. The two or more peduncles are strict, two to four inches long, pubescent. The five calyx-lobes are greenish, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, one half to two thirds of an inch long ; there are five ovate glands at the ^bottom of the calyx-tube. The corolla is tubular, and either pendent or horizontal, one and one half to two inches long, some- what curved, purple, with five broad, short, spreading or reflexed lobes. This plant comes from Eastern Brazil, where it was collected by J. N. Rose near Cabo Frio, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, August 8, 1915. Several tubers were sent to the New York Botanical Garden which have since produced flowers repeatedly and profusely. The plant has also fruited and from the seed a number of other speci- mens have been obtained. This species has been known in cultivation since early in the nineteenth century as Gloxinia speciosa, but it is generally accepted that it is not congeneric with the original species of that genus, namely, G. maculata. It will however always be best known in the trade under that name. To botanists it is now generally known as a Sinningia although it has also passed as a species of Ligeria. Sinningia and its related genera contain many ornamental species and deserve a re-study under modern taxonomic method from living plants preferably in some tropical garden like that at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sinningia speciosa has undergone many changes in cultivation especially as to the color, shape and size of the flowers, while a number of species in several genera described from wild plants have been referred to it. Consequently the number of synonyms both for indigens and for cultigens is considerable. The 30 Addisonia plant which we have described and figured here is not typical Sinningia spcciosa, but is the Ligeria maximiliana described by Hanstein in 1864, which also came from Cabo Frio, Brazil. J. N. Rose. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering plant. Fig. 2. — Dissection of flower, showing stamens. PLATE 96 ADDISONIA STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUM Addisonia 31 (Plate 96) STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUM Celandine Poppy Native of central United States Family Papaveraceak Poppy Family Chelidonium diphyllum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 309. 1803. Stylophorum diphyllum Nutt. Gen. 2: 7. 1818. Meconopsis diphylla DC. Syst. Veg. 2: 88. 1821. A perennial herb with abundant yellow sap, growing nearly two feet high, from short rootstocks, and bearing many large yellow flowers in May. The stems are smooth or somewhat setose, purplish above, especially in the inflorescence. The leaves are smooth, or somewhat hairy, glaucous beneath and dull green above; they are pinnatifid, with oblong, sinuate lobes. The lower leaves are alternate and measure six inches or more in length; the two upper- most are opposite, subtending the inflorescence, shorter, rounded and more hairy. The yellow flowers are seldom solitary, usually clustered, on long setose peduncles which are pendulous in bud and fruit, and measure one to two inches across. There are two rounded concave sepals, and four obovate petals. Twenty or more stamens with short filiform filaments and oblong orange-yellow anthers surround the base of the conspicuous green pistil, comprising an ovoid one-celled ovary, a prominent style and a three-lobed stigma. The capsule is bristly, many-seeded, and tipped with the persistent style. The celandine poppy is one of several species of Stylophorum, others being found in China, Japan, and the Himalayas. It is found growing naturally in low woods from Pennsylvania and Ohio to Tennessee and westward to Wisconsin and Missouri. Although closely related to our blood-root and to the Asiatic Hylomecon, its nearest relative is the celandine, Chelidonium majus, which has very similar leaves and the same copious yellow sap. It is distinct however in the flower, and by its bristly, thickened capsule with persistent style instead of a linear, smooth capsule and style almost none. Our illustration was made from plants growing since 1915 in the Herbaceous Grounds, where they seem to thrive as well in the open as the celandine does. They are hardy and very floriferous in spring and early summer. The cultivation of this species appears to be little undertaken, although it was introduced into England in 32 Addisonia 1854, and grown there to some extent. Experience with it in the New York Botanical Garden would seem to justify its use as a border plant. Propagation is by seeds and division of the roots, but, like many plants of the Poppy family, transplanting is rather difficult. Kenneth R. Boynton. PLATE 97 ADDISONIA M I L d,j>n. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA Addisonia 33 (Plate 97) ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA Red-fruited Choke-berry Native of eastern North America Family Mai^acEas Apple Family Mespilus arbutifolia L. Sp. PI. 478. 1753. Pyrus arbutifolia L. f. Suppl. 256. 1781. Mespilus arbutifolia erythrocarpa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 292. 1803. Aronia arbutifolia EH. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 556. 1821. A branching shrub, sometimes attaining a height of twelve feet, but usually much smaller, commonly about five feet high. The slender young twigs are gray; the bark of old stems nearly smooth and dark gray; the narrow winter buds are about one quarter of an inch in length. At our latitude the leaves unfold in April and fall in late autumn; the blades are oval, oblong or obovate, obtuse or abruptly short-tipped, narrowed or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, three inches long or less, the margin serrulate-crenulate, the upper surface nearly or quite smooth, the midvein bearing small glands, the lower surface persistently white-woolly; the petiole is much shorter than the blade; the small narrow stipules are early deciduous. The flowers, borne in terminal compound woolly cymes, are from four to six lines broad, and open in the south in March, in the north in May or early June. The calyx is woolly, with five acute, very glandular lobes ; the five obovate, obtuse, white or faintly purplish petals are nearly a quarter of an inch long. The fruit is a short-pyriform or subglobose drupe, one third to one half an inch in diameter, bright red when mature, and persists on the twigs until late autumn or early winter. The red-fruited choke-berry grows naturally in swamps, wet woods and thickets, from New England to Florida, extending west to Ohio and Louisiana. Its close relative, Aronia atropurpurea, was described and illustrated in this volume, at plate 81. The plant from which our illustration was made is growing in the fruticetum. New York Botanical Garden; it was obtained from Meehan & Sons in 1895. N. ly. Britton. Explanation op Plate. Eig. 1. — Fruiting branch. Fig. 2. — Flowering branch. PLATE 98 ADDISONIA HAMAMELIS JAPONICA Addisonia ' 35 (Plate 98) HAMAMELIS JAPONIC A Japanese Witch Hazel Family HamamkudacEa^ Witch-hazeIv Family Hamamelis japonica Sieb. & Zucc. Abhandl. Akad. Muench. 4: 193. 1843. Hamamelis arborea Masters, Gard. Chron. 35: 187. 1874. A shrub or small tree, sometimes attaining a height of thirty feet, with rather stout ascending or spreading branches which are covered with a brown bark, the young branchlets, leaf -buds, flower- stalks, and bracts pubescent with brown hairs. The leaves, which appear much later than the flowers, are alternate and on pubescent stalks one quarter to three eighths of an inch long. The glabrous or pubescent leaf-blades are oval to broadly ovate or obovate, or even nearly orbicular, with the margins sinuately crenate, and the veins very prominent beneath; they are from two to four inches long and sometimes nearly as wide, with the apex acute and the inequilateral base rounded or obtuse. The flower-heads, arranged singly or in clusters of two or three, are subtended by orbicular bracts and are on pubescent commonly curved stalks. When spread out the calyx is about a third of an inch across, with the elliptic obtuse lobes densely brown pubescent on the outside, glabrous and purple within. The yellow petals are narrowly linear, undulate, and a half inch to sometimes three quarters of an inch long. The stamens are about half as long as the sepals, the anthers purplish, the filaments yellowish. The hairy ovary is of two carpels, each with a slender purple style. The pubescent fruit is about a half inch long, surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube, the carpels united nearly to the summit, the free portions forming spreading or reciurved horns. This native of the mountainous woods of Japan is one of the most attractive shrubs of our gardens. At home it flowers in March and April, but here it shows a tendency to break into blossom much earher than this; in 1916 its golden flowers appeared in January on a specimen in the fruticetum collection of the New York Botan- ical Garden, and persisted well into February through a heavy snowfall, the bright blossoms forming a striking contrast with the wintery surroundings. Not only does the early appearance of its blossoms make it welcome, but their brightness and profusion make it doubly so. While this Japanese plant is among the first to tell us that winter is waning, and that spring will be here ere long, its close relative, Hamamelis virginiana, a native of the eastern parts of our own country, is the latest to flower of our eastern shrubs, its flowers appearing late in the fall and sometimes persisting into early winter. 36 Addisonia It is this diflference in flowering period which constitutes its chief value in horticulture, for botanically the differences separating the two species, while valid, are not marked, the most conspicuous being the purple color of the inside of the calyx in Hamamelis japonica, which serves to intensify the yellow of the petals. In blossom both are equally conspicuous, for the Japanese plant bears its flowers before the leaves appear, while our plant takes on its mantle of gold after the leaves have fallen. About 1862 the Japanese witch hazel was introduced into cultiva- tion by von Siebold, according to a statement made by Masters in the Gardners' Chronicle early in 1874. It was apparently first offered for sale in a trade catalogue issued by Messrs. Ottolander, of Boskoop, Holland, as Hamamelis arborea, under which name it was described by Masters. It appears to be somewhat variable as to habit and color of flowers, and the form of more vigorous growth and larger flowers with a purple calyx represents what is now called H. japonica arborea Rehder, the Hamamelis arborea of Masters. The plant from which the illustration was prepared was secured at the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1901, and has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since that time. The genus Hamamelis contains four species, equally divided between Asia and America. In addition to the common species of the United States, Hamamelis virginiana, another, H. vernalis, is known from the south central United States; the latter blossoms in the spring. One Asiatic species is here illustrated, the other, Hamamelis mollis, is from Central China. They thrive best in a somewhat moist soil, the Japanese species, however, doing well in a drier situation than the others, while H. virginiana flourishes not only in shady places, its preference in the wild, but also in sunny positions. They may be propagated from seeds, which do not germinate until the second year, or by layering; they may also be grafted in the spring, in the green-house, on seedlings of Hamamelis virginiana. George V. Nash. Explanation OF Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering branch. Fig. 2. — Flower, X 3. Fig. 3. — Fruit. Fig. 4. — I^eaf. PLATE 99 ADDISONIA \^J ^ HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS Addisonia 37 (Plate 99) HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS Swamp Rose-Mallow Native of eastern United States Family Mai,vacbab Mai^low Family Hibiscus Moscheutos L. Sp. PI. 693. 1753. ^Hibiscus palustris L. Sp. PI. 693. 1753. Hibiscus opulifoUus Greene, Leaflets 2: 65. 1910. A perennial herb, usually five or six feet tall, with numerous cane- like stems. The leaves are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, palmately veined, dentate or slightly crenate, densely but finely white stellate- pubescent beneath and usually only slightly pubescent above. The blades of the largest leaves are somewhat three-lobed. The stems, petioles and veins are with or without red pigmentation. The petioles and peduncles are often adnate to each other. The calyx- lobes are ovate. The corollas are large (often as much as 7 inches in diameter) and conspicuous; in color they range from white through various shades of pink, with or without an eye which is of a darker shade than the blade. The stamens are of nearly equal length. The pollen is either white or yellow. The style- branches are short, spreading but not recurving, and with decidedly expanded stigmatic surfaces. The capsules are ovoid, about one inch long, glabrous or slightly pubescent, and abruptly short- pointed or blunt. The seeds are reniform and glabrous. This species grows in abundance along the coastal region of the eastern United States, extending inland in scattered stations to Missouri. It evidently reaches its greatest development in numbers in the marshes along the coast of central and southern New Jersey, where its tall vigorous growth and gayly-colored, conspicuous flowers make it a noticeable and popularly well known feature of the vegetation. Here there is a medley of flower-colors, illustrating well the polymorphism that has long been recognized in this species. Several of the forms have been found to breed true (Torreya 17: 142-148) as distinct races; numerous other races undoubtedly exist. There will probably always be some doubt as to the identity, at least in respect to flower color, of the particular American plant which I^innaeus included in his citations. The flower shown in the accompanying illustration is from a cultivated plant whose seed-parent grew wild at Hunter's Island in Long Island Sound. The type which it represents may be found in nearly all stations 38 Addisonia for the species along the coast north of Cape May which is as far south as the writer has made field observations. In northern stations of the range (Ohio, Presque Isle in Lake Erie, and along the Seneca River near Weedsport and Savannah, N. Y.) this is the only form represented. This type or race appears to be the one most widely distributed at least in the area north of Cape May. The range of this species overlaps somewhat the ranges of several species more exclusively southern and western in distribution. Natural hybrids between these undoubtedly exist; certain of these species have been hybridized in the production of races of horti- cultural value. A. B. Stout. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering stem. Fig. 2. — Fruit. Fig. 3.— Seed, X 3. I ■f '< I ,1 1 PLATE lOO ADDISONIA SOBRALIA SESSILIS Addisonia 39 (Plate 100) SOBRALIA SESSILIS Sessile-flowered Sobralia Native of Guiana Family Orchidac^aiS Orchid Family Sobralia sessilis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 3. 1847. Stems clustered, up to four feet tall, branched at some of the upper nodes; these branches, developing roots, may be used in propagating new plants. The stems, sheaths, and under surface of the leaf-blades are pubescent with short black spreading hairs. The leaves are alternate, narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse base, the apex acute; the undulate blades are up to six inches long and two inches wide, and are rather promi- nently seven-nerved beneath. The flowers, about two and a half inches long and broad, are in terminal few-flowered spikes, only one flower appearing at a time, the acute bracts pubescent like the leaf- sheaths. The rose-colored sepals, paler beneath, are oblong-elliptic, abruptly acute, about one and a half inches long, the lateral spread- ing, the dorsal ascending. The petals resemble the sepals in color and shape, but are broader and a trifle shorter. The lip, about as long as the petals, entirely surrounds the column ; the tube is paler below, darkening above into the rich rose-purple of the short limb, which is undulate, crisped and irregularly toothed on the margin; the inside of the tube is a rich magenta. The column is club- shaped, about half as long as the lip, white faintly flushed with rose. The anther is yellow. The plant from which this illustration was prepared formed part of a collection of orchids presented in 1900 by Mrs. George Such to the New York Botanical Garden, where it has flowered repeatedly. This, one of the least conspicuous of the genus, was discovered in Demerara by Schomburgk, and flowered in the latter part of 1840 at the nurseries of Messrs. Loddiges, in England. The genus Sobralia, comprising about sixty species, is found in tropical America from Peru to Guiana and Mexico. The species vary greatly in size, some being but a foot high, while others have stems ten feet tall or more. Some species have small flowers, while in others the flowers are as large and as showy as those of Cattleya lahiata. In color the blossoms range from white to yellow, and from rose and purple to almost a blue. One of the larger and showy kinds is Sobralia macrantha, a native of Mexico and Guate- 40 Addisonia mala. They are usually of easy culture, requiring an abundance of water during the growing season, and do best if allowed a period of rest, when water is withheld, but never to the extent of allowing the soil to become quite dr}\ George V. Nash. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering branch. Fig. 2. — Column, side view. Fig. 3. — Column, front view. Fig. 4. — Pollinia, side view, X 5. Fig. 5. — Pollinia, rear view, X 5. Fig. 6. — Anther, X 5. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1 PUTE 1. PLATE 2. PLATE 3. PLATE 4. PUTE 5. PLATE 6. PLATE 7. PLATE 8. PLATE 9. PLATE 10. PLATE 11. PLATE 12. PLATE 13. PLATE 14, PLATE 15. PLATE 16. PUTE 17. PUTE 18. PUTE 19. PUTE 20. RHODODENDRON CAROLINIANUM CASSIA POLYPHYLU ROBINIA KELSEYl PACHYPHYTUM LONGIFOLIUM BEGONIA COWELLII ECHEVERIA SETOSA COLUMNEA GLORIOSA FOUQUIERIA FORMOSA MAXILURIA RINGENS NOPALEA AUBERI CRINUM AMERICANUM OLETHRA ALNIFOLIA ECHEVERIA CARNICOLOR MINA LOBATA CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM NOTYLIA SAGITTIFERA EXOGONIUM MICRODACTYLUM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS OPUNTIA MACRORHIZA COMMELINA COMMUNIS PUTE 21. PUTE 22. PUTE 23. PUTE 24. PUTE 25. PUTE 26. PUTE 27. PUTE 28. PUTE 29. PUTE 30. PUTE 31A, PUTE 31B. PUTE 32. PUTE 33. PUTE 34. PUTE 35. PUTE 36. PUTE 37. PUTE 38. PUTE 39. PUTE 40. ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA COLUMNEA HIRTA PEDIUNTHUS SMALLII CREMNOPHIU NUTANS PITHECOLOBIUM GUADALUPENSE ANTHURIUM GRANDIFOLIUM EPIDENDRUM PALEACEUM BEGONIA WILLIAMSIt ONCIDIUM UROPHYLLUM SEDUM DIVERSIFOLIUM SEDUM HUMIFUSUM CATASETUM SCURRA CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE GIGANTEA AGAVE SUBSIMPLEX DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO RHUS HIRTA DISSECTA CYMOPHYLLUS FRASERI OPUNTIA VULGARIS TILUNDSIA SUBUXA ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2 PUTE 41. PUTE 42. PUTE 43. PUTE 44. PUTE 45. PUTE 46. PUTE 47. PUTE 48, PUTE 49. PUTE 50, PUTE 51, PUTE 52. PUTE 53. PUTE 54. PUTE 55 PUTE 56, PLATE 57. PUTE 58. PUTE 59. PUTE 60. NOLINA TEXANA PUTE 61. TRICHOSTERIGMA BENEDICTUM PUTE 62. BENTHAMIA JAPONICA PUTE 63. DIRCAEA MAGNIFICA PUTE 64. BUDDLEIA DAVIDI PUTE 65. GONGORA TRUNCATA ALBA PUTE 66. WERCKLEOCEREUS GUBER PUTE 67. DUDLEYA BRANDEGEI PUTE 68. ABELIA GRANDIFLORA PUTE 69. PEPEROMIA OBTUSIFOLIA PUTE 70. SOLIDAGO JUNCEA PUTE 71. ECHEVERIA MULTICAULIS PUTE 72. CATASETUM VIRIDIFUVUM PUTE 73. SAGITTARIA UTIFOLIA PUTE 74. BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA PUTE 75. XANTHISMA TEXANUM PUTE 76. SEDUM BOURGAEI PUTE 77. CIMICIFUGA SIMPLEX PUTE 78. FEIJOA SELLOWIANA PUTE 79. ASTER AMETHYSTINUS PUTE 80. HARRISIA GRACILIS EPIDENDRUM OBLONGATUM AESCULUS PARVIFLORA MICRAMPELIS LOBATA BOMAREA EDULIS ASTER TATARICUS PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM HARRISIA MARTINI ONCIDIUM PUBES RAPHIOLEPIS UMBELUTA ROSA "SILVER MOON" DENDROBIUM ATROVIOUCEUM CENTRADENIA FLORIBUNDA PIAROPUS AZUREUS SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS FREYLINIA LANCEOLATA ANNESLIA TWEEDIEI CRASSUU OUADRIFIDA ASTER CORDIFOLIUS CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3 PUTE 81. ARONIA ATROPURPUREA PUTE 82. ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE PUTE 83A. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM PUTE 83B. GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSTII PUTE 84. EUONYMUS ALATA PUTE 85. DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA PUTE 86. LEPADENA MARGINATA PUTE 87. MAACKIA AMURENSIS BUERGERI PUTE 88. HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS PUTE 89. CORNUS OFFICINALIS PLATE 90. OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA CONTENTS Plate 91. COTONEASTER SIMONSII PLATE 92. ECHEVERIA NODULOSA PLATE 93. HELIANTHUS ORGYALIS Plate 94, SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS LAEVIGATUS PLATE 95. SINNINGIA SPECIOSA PLATE 96. STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUM PLATE 97. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA PLATE 98. HAMAMELiS JAPONICA PLATE 99. HIBISCUS MOSGHEUTOS PLATE 100. SOBRALIA SESSILIS ADDISONIA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS Volume 3 Number 3 SEPTEMBER, 1918 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (ADDISON BROWN FUND) SEPTEMBER 30. 1918 ANNOUNCEMENT A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late President, Judge Addison Brown, established the ADDISON BROWN FUND "the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by <;olored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri- torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated." The preparation and publication of the work have been referred to Dr. John H. Barnhart, Bibliographer, and Mr. George V. Nash, Head Gardener. Addisonia is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June, September, and December. Each part consists of ten colored plates with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10 annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not be sold separately. Address : THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK NEW YORK CITY Subscnbers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 and 2 has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts can be supplied. New subscriptions will be accepted only as includ- ing the first volumes. PLATE 101 ADDISONIA MLLatcm. CORNUS MAS Addisonia 41 (Plate 101) CORNUS MAS UBR>*^;^ Cornelian Cherry j^.j ^ .. — . Native of southern Europe and Asia Minor <3,-.«.)up« Family Cornac^a^ Dogwood Family Cornus Mas L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753. A shrub or small tree, of dense growth, up to twenty feet tall. The young branchlets are minutely appressed-pubescent, in age becoming glabrous. The leaves are opposite, the petioles a quarter inch long or less; the blades, which are up to three inches long and two inches wide, are elliptic to ovate, acuminate into a usually obtuse apex, at the base commonly rounded or sometimes cuneate, and with both surfaces appressed-pubescent, the lower paler and with tufts of ashen hairs in the axils. The yellow flowers, in which the sepals, petals and stamens are usually in fours, appear before the leaves, and are in opposite clusters of a dozen or so, terminating short branchlets, each cluster subtended by an involucre of four broadly elliptic brownish obtuse bracts which are appressed-pubes- cent. The pedicels and calyx-tube, the latter adherent to the ovary, are appressed-hairy. The calyx-lobes are small and tri- angular. The lanceolate petals are spreading or somewhat reflexed. The stamens are shorter than the petals and alternate with them. The scarlet fruit is about three quarters of an inch long. In the latter part of April or early May, in the neighborhood of New York City, the flowers of this plant appear, the absence of the foliage at that time making the flowers all the more conspicuous. The bright flowers are followed by a dark green fohage, which, in contrast with the scarlet fruit of the later months, again makes of this plant a most striking object. It is effective as an individual specimen or for mass planting. The specimen from which the illustration was prepared has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1906. The fruit though edible is not palatable, but is sometimes used in the countries where it grows naturally as a substitute for olives. It is also employed there for preserves, and is said to be made use of by the Turks for flavoring sherbet. This species is closely related to another, Cornus officinalis, of Japan, which was illustrated at plate 89 of this work. The tufts of hairs in the leaf-axils of this are ashen, readily distinguishing it from the other in which the hair-tufts are brown. Ge;org^ V. Nash. Expi^ANATioN OP Plate. Fig. 1. — Flowering branch. Fig. 2, — Flower, X 4. Fig. 3. — Fruiting branch. . IL'' PLATE 102 ADDISONIA ELcJ^ SOLIDAGO SQUARROSA Addisonia 43 (Plate 102) SOLIDAGO SQUARROSA Ragged Goldenrod Southeastern Canada and eastern United States. Family Carduac^ae; Thistle Family Solidago squarrosa Muhl. Cat. 76. 1813. Solidago confertiflora Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 102. 1834. A perennial plant with a radiculose stout rootstock. The stem is erect, five feet tall or less, pale or more often tinged with red or purple, finely and often copiously pubescent, glabrate and terete or nearly so below, permanently pubescent and ridged above, simple below the inflorescence, or individually or exceptionally branched. The leaves are alternate, and rather conspicuous. The blades are various, thickish, deep green above, paler and finely lined beneath, finely pubescent on the principal veins, especially beneath, and ciliate; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves obovate, oval, elliptic, or ovate, narrowed into petiole-like bases, with stouter midribs of equal length or shorter, coarsely, often doubly or ir- regularly, serrate; those of the upper cauline leaves much smaller than those of the lower, oblanceolate, elliptic, or lanceolate, mostly acute or short-acuminate, shallowly toothed or entire, narrowed into short petiole-like bases or sessile; those of the inflorescence (bracts subtending the panicle-branches) much reduced. The heads are few or several together, on short ascending approximate or distant branches which form a terminal elongate thyrsus. The involucres are campanulate, about a third of an inch long. The bracts of the involucre are in several series, decidedly imbricate; the outer ones are ovate to lanceolate, acute or obtuse ; the inner narrowly elliptic to linear-elhptic, or slightly broadened upward, or nearly linear, obtuse; all with spreading or recurved green tips, ciliolate, the ex- posed parts more or less pubescent. The ray-flowers are conspicu- ous, nine to sixteen in number, with yellow elliptic ligules a sixth of an inch long or more. The disk-flowers are numerous, with yellow 5-lobed corollas about one fourth of an inch long divided into a cylindric tube, a larger narrowly funnelform throat and the lobes; the lobes are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thick-margined. The anthers are whitish, united in a ring, with lanceolate tips, each sac acuminate at the base. The filaments are slender-filiform, as long as the anthers or longer. The hypanthium is glabrous, longitudi- nally striate. The style is filiform, glabrous. The stigmas are subulate or lanceolate-subulate. The achene is ribbed, glabrous, narrowed at the base, more or less contracted at the apex. The pappus consists of numerous white or nearly white bristles several times as long as the achene. 44 Addisonia Among our hundred odd kinds of goldenrods the species here illustrated is wholly distinctive. It falls within a group, which includes only two or three other species, characterized chiefly by the spreading or recurved green tips of the bracts of the involucre; but it is quite easily distinguishable from its near relatives. This plant was detected by Muhlenberg in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in the early part of the past century, and was first mentioned by him in his "Catalogus plantarum Americae septen- trionalis" in 1813. It is such a clear-cut species that only once was there any confusion concerning it so that it w^as named a second time. The geographic range of this goldenrod extends from New Bruns- wick and Ontario southward to Georgia, in the Piedmont and mountain regions. It has not been found in the Coastal Plain. The altitudinal distribution extends from near sea-level to several thousand feet in the Alleghenies. Its favorite habitat is the steep or at least sloping rocky banks of streams, where at the height of its flowering season it quite eclipses all its associates. It is an erect plant with a strict in- florescence; but does not suggest stiffness in habit. Its large con- spicuously clean deep-green leaves, which are usually wholly free from the fungous diseases so common on the foliage of many kinds of goldenrod, and its erect narrow plumes of bright-yellow flowers are particularly attractive to the eye. The specimens from which the accompanying illustration was made were collected near the southern end of Lake Oscawana, Putnam County, New York, in open woods on a rocky hillside. John K. Smali<. Explanation OF Plate. Fig. 1. — Inflorescence. Fig. 2. — Flowering head, X 2. Fig. 3. — Lower leaf. I PLATE 103 ADDISONIA CALLICARPA JAPONICA Addisonia 45 (Plate 103) CALLICARPA JAPONICA Japanese Callicarpa Native of Japan Family Verbena cE as Vervain Family Callicarpa japonica Thunb. Fl. Jap. 60. 1784. A shrub up to five feet tall, the purplish young branches and di- visions of the inflorescence stellate-pubescent, the hairs on the former early deciduous. The leaves are opposite and with petioles a quarter inch long or less. The blades are elliptic, acute at the base and acuminate at the apex into a long point, and are glabrous on both surfaces; they measure up to three inches long and an inch and a half wide, and on the new vigorous shoots they are often larger; the margins are commonly entire at the base, becoming serrate above, the long apex usually however without teeth. The flowers are generally rose-pink, on short pedicels, and are borne rather numerously in axillary cymose clusters. The calyx is short, its teeth short and rounded. The bell-shaped corolla is about an eighth of an inch long, its four spreading lobes rounded. The stamens are much exserted from the corolla and bear bright yellow anthers. The fruit is an eighth to three sixteenths of an inch in diameter and of a bright violet color. A most desirable shrub on account of the unusual color of its fruit which is borne in great abundance. It is found wild in the mountains of Japan in wooded areas. It thrives in the latitude of New York City, and is rarely damaged by cold. If, however, it is injured during the winter it sends up in the spring new shoots from the root which flower and bear fruit the same year. It may be readily propagated by seeds, in spring or summer by greenwood cuttings under glass, and by hardwood cuttings and by layers. The specimen from which the illustration was prepared has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1895. Callicarpa is found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Austraha, the islands of the Pacific, and in North and Central America. Its known species are about thirty-five, of which one is Callicarpa americana, a native of the southeastern United States, where it is known as French mulberry. George V. Nash Explanation op Plat^. Fig. 1. — Fruiting branch. Fig. 2. — Flowers. Fig. 3.— Flower, X 4. PLATE 104 ADDISONIA ASTER LAEVIS I Addisonia 47 (Plate 104) ASTER LAEVIS Smooth Aster Native of the eastern and middle United States and Canada Family CarduacKae; Thisti,^ Family Aster laevis I,. Sp. PI. 876. 1753. A firmly erect, little branched, perennial herb, commonly two to three feet high. The entire plant is very smooth and glabrous and more or less glaucous or glaucescent, appearing of a pale green color. The thickish or somewhat fleshy leaves are oblong-lanceolate varying to oblanceolate and, more rarely, broadly ovate, and are entire or subserrate, and slightly roughened along the edges; the apex is acute or somewhat obtuse; at full size they are commonly three to five inches long. Those low on the stem are narrowed into winged petioles; those higher up are sessile by a heart-shaped partly clasping base, and, by gradual reduction along the flowering branches, pass into the firm subulate bracts of the inflorescence. The heads are one inch or more broad, and are terminal on firm bracteolate branchlets along the branches of a close panicle. The involucre is campanulate, its whitish-coriaceous imbricated bracts having hardened acutish tips. The broadish rays, fifteen to thirty in number, vary in color from deep blue to violet ; the rather prominent disc is clear yellow, changing to purplish in age. The achenes are glabrous, or nearly so, and are crowned with a tawny pappus. No one well knowing our asters in their native haunts will deny to this one a place among those that uphold their aster lineage with especial attributes of grace and beauty. It is a firmly up- standing plant, and with something of distinction in its bearing even before its flowers display their trim perfection of form and the bright purity of their deep sky blue or paler violet. It is appropriate that this, of all asters, should bear the name Aaster laevis — the smooth aster. Its smoothness is of a quality that needs no veriflcation of the touch to make it instantly true to the eye. An almost waxy firmness gives a sort of resistant pliancy to the leaves which, with the herbage as a whole, are veiled with a faint whitish bloom, like a plum or grape, that when pressed off by a touch, reveals the bright light green of the shining surface beneath. Ivike most asters this species has its divergent forms, some of which have been given distinctive names. But no one of these 48 Addisonia variants seems to have succeeded in detaching itself very success- fully from the controlling individuality of the true plant which blends all together into one general species. This is an an aster mainly of dry open ground, sometimes group- ing itself closely on sandy levels, but more often of freer growth along fields and woodsides or, among inland hills, scattered, as the soil may permit, along stony roadside banks. In the east its distribution extends from Pennsylvania and New Jersey to the coast region of New York and on through New England into Maine; thence it ranges to Ontario, and far towards the north- west, and south, it is said, to New Mexico and Louisiana. E. P. BlCKNELL. Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1. — Portion of flowering stem. Fig. 2. — In- volucre, X 2. Fig. 3. — Lower leaf. PLATE 105 ADDISONIA OPUNTIA OPUNTIA Addisonia 49 (Plate 105) OPUNTIA OPUNTU Eastern Prickly Pear Native oj the eastern United States Family Cactacejas Cactus Family Cactus Opuntia L. Sp. PI. 468. 1753. Cactus Opuntia nana DC. PI. Succ. Hist. 2: pi. 138 [A]. 1799. Opuntia vulgaris Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 190. 1812. Not Opuntia vulgaris Mill. 1768. Cactus humifusus Raf. Ann. Nat. 15. 1820. Opuntia humifusa Raf. Med. Fl. U. S. 2: 247. 1830. Opuntia mesacantha Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 216. 1830. Opuntia cespitosa Raf. BuU. Bot. Seringe 216. 1830. Opuntia intermedia Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 364. 1834. Opuntia nana Visiani, Fl. Dalmatica 3: 143. 1852. Opuntia Rafinesquei* Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 295. 1856. Opuntia vulgaris Rafinesquei A. Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2. 136. 1856. A prostrate cactus, often forming large patches, some of the joints erect or ascending, the roots long and fibrous. Its joints are light green and glabrous, faintly shining or when old dull, normally orbicular, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, from two to four inches long and about one third of an inch thick; when growing in shade some of the joints may elongate and become six inches to ten inches long and not more than two inches wide. The areoles are small, round, and slightly elevated; the leaves, which fall away soon after the joints are fully grown, are awl-shaped and about one quarter of an inch long. The glochids are short, yellowish or brown. The plant is either quite spineless or some of the areoles bear a needle-shaped brownish or nearly white spine from half an inch to about two inches long; rarely two spines are borne at a few areoles; seedling plants, however, have several small spines at the areoles. The flowers, which appear in June or July in the north and in May in the south, are borne solitary at areoles on the edges of the joints; they vary from about two inches to about three and one half inches broad when fully expanded; the eight to ten petals are obovate, apiculate, bright yellow or sometimes with orange or red bases; the numerous yellow stamens are shorter than the petals and spread widely when the flower is fully open, when a slight shock causes them to incurve about the style; the obconic ovary is about an inch long and bears a few areoles like those of the joints, with similar glochids; the slender style is about as long as the stamens, and is topped by a white, several-lobed stigma. The fruit is a red, oblong to obovoid, * Sometimes spelled Rafinesquiana, 50 Addisonia juicy and edible berry, from one inch to two inches long, and con- tains many black seeds about one sixth of an inch broad. This plant is widely distributed in the eastern United States and is the most northeastern in geographic range of any species of the cactus family. It is frequent on coastal sand dunes from eastern Massachusetts south to Virginia and occurs locally in sand or on rocks westward to Illinois and Missouri and southward to Georgia and Alabama. It has long been established in the mountains of northern Italy and of Switzerland, where it has been called Opuntia nana ; plants sent to us under that name from the famous Hanbury Gardens at La Mortola, Italy, appear to be identical with wild ones of the vicinity of New York. In botanical literature the species has often been described under the name Opuntia vulgaris Miller, but that name properly belongs to an altogether different, tall, erect cactus of wide distribution in eastern South America. Races, or individual plants, of Opuntia Opuntia differ somewhat in size and shape of the joints and of the fruit, and in size of the flowers, and are with or without spines. Some of these have been regarded as distinct species or varieties by various authors and the synonymy of the plant is quite extensive, the names cited above being only the most important which have been applied to it. It has been suggested that plants with orange-based petals may be specifically distinct from those with pure yellow petals, although otherwise alike. We have grown the plant at the New York Botani- cal Garden from many localities and have observed it at many others. It grows naturally quite abundantly on rock out-crops within the New York Botanical Garden. The plant from which our illustration was made was sent by Mr. E. P. Bicknell, in 1904, from Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. N. L. Brixton. ADDISONIA PLATE 106 ILEX SERRATA ARGUTIDENS Addisonia 51 « (Plate 106) ILEX SERRATA ARGUTIDENS Japanese Sharp-toothed Winterberry Native of Japan Family Aquifoliaceak Holi